TOEFL:

TOEFL stands for Test of English as a Foreign Language. It is a standardized test that measures the English language proficiency of non-native English speakers. The test assesses the ability of test takers to understand and use English at the university level, making it widely accepted by universities, colleges, and institutions in English-speaking countries.

The TOEFL test measures four language skills: reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The test is available in two formats: internet-based test (iBT) and paper-based test (PBT). The iBT is the more commonly used format and is administered at authorized testing centers around the world. The test duration ranges from three and a half to four hours.

The TOEFL test is scored on a scale of 0 to 120, with a score of 80 or higher typically required for admission to universities and colleges in English-speaking countries. Test takers can retake the test as many times as they wish, but there must be a 12-day gap between attempts.

To prepare for the TOEFL test, test takers can access a range of study materials, including online practice tests, textbooks, and test preparation courses. Many institutions also offer TOEFL preparation courses to help students improve their English language skills and prepare for the test.